![]() Schaie’s general emphasis on how to avoid ageist bias does not offer any specific examples of ageism in research, but Schaie’s approach to ageist bias provides an alternative perspective to my own viewpoint. Write with Grammarly What is an annotated bibliography Annotated bibliographies are a type of bibliography with notes from the author on each source. ![]() An article on avoiding ageist bias in research, discussing objective research design and how to report what the research actually demonstrates without adding value-laden assumptions. “Ageist Language in Psychological Research.” American Psychologist 48 (1993): 49-51. Contains a good bibliography and many informative tables and statistics of black wage-earners and mine owners. Johnstone very convincingly uses a Marxist analysis to portray the low-wage blacks as pawns of the bourgeois mine owners. Johnstone effectively examines the labor experience of nonwhites in South African gold mines from a sociological perspective, arguing that the structure of the labor system comes from the industrial capitalism of the mines. ![]() Class, Race, and Gold: A Study of Class Relations and Racial Discrimination in South Africa. This controversial essay has been tremendously influential in recent discussion of multicultural education but has received by no means universal assent. Achebe presents an interpretation of the function of the images of Others in the construction of cultural identity and identifies a pervasive need on the part of "the West" to denigrate and dehumanize Africa. A provocative essay by the influential Nigerian author Achebe on the prevalent image of Africa in the Western imagination, focusing on the racist dimensions of Conrad's Heart of Darkness. "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness." Heart of Darkness. Ed.
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