![]() If the pitch is too high, it is considered sharp, if it is too low, then it is flat. When an instrument is out of tune it means that the naturally played pitch of the instrument is either too high or too low. 442 Hz, or oscillations per second is the equivalent of concert ‘A’. One hertz simply means one cycle per second, 100 Hz means one hundred cycles (or oscillations) per second, and so on. The vibrations or soundwaves that an instrument produces are measured by hertz (symbol: Hz). Instruments basically just produce vibrations, and these vibrations produce sound waves of air oscillations which is the sound that we perceive. Still not getting it? No worries, read on. If even one string is out of tune, everything played will sound 'wrong'. When all the strings are in tune, you can strum them together and they will sound 'right'. However, guitar strings can be sharpened and flatterend considerably. ![]() Usually in standard tuning, these are the notes E, A, D, G, B, E. Classical Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Bass Guitar.This is most noticeable in string instruments such as: Some instruments have the extra challenge of tuning to the Band/Orchestra and to themselves. Even though these notes may be written differently and be called different names, they should all sound the same pitch. Eb Instruments (Alto Sax, Baritone Sax) an F# and F Instruments (French Horns) an E. Trumpets, Bb Clarinets, Bass Clarinets, Tenor Saxophones,) a B. Flutes, Oboes, Piano, Trombone, (unless in treble clef,) Strings, Tuned Percussion etc.) will play an 'A'. This is particularly relevant in a band setting when different instruments are tuning together, and remember, not all instruments are in concert pitch!? AGH! If your conductor asks you to tune to a 'Concert A', all C Instruments (i.e. If you play your 'A' and it is flat (or sharp) then you are likely at a pitch between the notes either side, or playing another note entirely! As such, you'll clash with others playing the same note. This is why you need to tune, especially in a band. Between each note is an exact tone (a 'step') or semi-tone (a half 'step.) For example, look at the 'A.' This is the concert pitch note that most bands and orchestras tune up to. See below the C Major Scale: As the notes move higher up the Stave (the lines music notation is written on), the higher in pitch they sound, and vice versa. Clef: A symbol at the start of the stave to indicate the pitch of an instrument. This word can also be used to describe any note that sounds higher than it ought. Sharp: A sharp ( #) note is a semi-tone (half step) higher that it's natural counterpart. This word can also be used to describe any note that sounds lower than it ought. Flat: A flat ( b) note is a semi-tone (half step) lower that it's natural counterpart. Scale: The name given to a certain collection of notes. ![]() Pitch: How high or low something sounds, (i.e - soprano singer = high pitched | bass singer = low pitch.) Note: The name given to a certain pitch in music. But what does that really mean to tune your instrument? To get your head around this, it helps to know some key musical terms. Firstly, to ensure the instrument is in tune with itself and secondly, to ensure it is in tune with others. There are two key reasons why tuning your instrument is important. In short, to Tune your instrument is to ensure it plays at the correct pitch.
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